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Yale University is a private Ivy League research university located in New
Haven, Connecticut.
Founded in 1701 in the Colony of Connecticut, the
university is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United
States. Originally chartered as the "Collegiate School", the institution traces
its roots to 17th-century clergymen who sought to establish a college to train
clergy and political leaders for the colony. In 1718, the College was renamed
"Yale College" to honor a gift from Elihu Yale, a governor of the British East
India Company. In 1861, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences became the
first U.S. institution to award the Ph.D.5 Yale became a founding member of the
Association of American Universities in 1900. Yale College was transformed,
beginning in the 1930s, through the establishment of residential colleges: 12
now exist and two more are planned.
Yale employs over 1,100 faculty to teach
and advise about 5,300 undergraduate and 6,100 graduate and professional
students. Almost all tenured professors teach undergraduate courses, more than
2,000 of which are offered annually.67 The university's assets include an
endowment valued at $20.80 billion as of 2013,1 the second-largest of any
academic institution in the world. Yale's system of more than two dozen
libraries holds 12.5 million volumes.8 Fifty-one Nobel laureates have been
affiliated with the University as students, faculty, or staff. Yale has
graduated many notable alumni, including five U.S. Presidents, 19 U.S. Supreme
Court Justices, and many foreign heads of state.
Yale students compete
intercollegiately as the Yale Bulldogs in the NCAA Division I Ivy League. The
oldest intercollegiate athletic event in the United States is the Yale-Harvard
regatta.
Several explanations have been offered for Yale¡¯s representation in
national elections since the end of the Vietnam War. Various sources note the
spirit of campus activism that has existed at Yale since the 1960s, and the
intellectual influence of Reverend William Sloane Coffin on many of the future
candidates.43 Yale President Richard Levin attributes the run to Yale¡¯s focus on
creating "a laboratory for future leaders," an institutional priority that began
during the tenure of Yale Presidents Alfred Whitney Griswold and Kingman
Brewster.43 Richard H. Brodhead, former dean of Yale College and now president
of Duke University, stated: "We do give very significant attention to
orientation to the community in our admissions, and there is a very strong
tradition of volunteerism at Yale."42 Yale historian Gaddis Smith notes "an
ethos of organized activity" at Yale during the 20th century that led John Kerry
to lead the Yale Political Union's Liberal Party, George Pataki the Conservative
Party, and Joseph Lieberman to manage the Yale Daily News.44 Camille Paglia
points to a history of networking and elitism: "It has to do with a web of
friendships and affiliations built up in school."45 CNN suggests that George W.
Bush benefited from preferential admissions policies for the "son and grandson
of alumni", and for a "member of a politically influential family."46 New York
Times correspondent Elisabeth Bumiller and The Atlantic Monthly correspondent
James Fallows credit the culture of community and cooperation that exists
between students, faculty, and administration, which downplays self-interest and
reinforces commitment to others.47
During the 1988 presidential election,
George H. W. Bush (Yale '48) derided Michael Dukakis for having "foreign-policy
views born in Harvard Yard's boutique". When challenged on the distinction
between Dukakis's Harvard connection and his own Yale background, he said that,
unlike Harvard, Yale's reputation was "so diffuse, there isn't a symbol, I don't
think, in the Yale situation, any symbolism in it" and said Yale did not share
Harvard's reputation for "liberalism and elitism".4849 In 2004 Howard Dean
stated, "In some ways, I consider myself separate from the other three (Yale)
candidates of 2004. Yale changed so much between the class of '68 and the class
of '71. My class was the first class to have women in it; it was the first class
to have a significant effort to recruit African Americans. It was an
extraordinary time, and in that span of time is the change of an entire
generation".50
In 2009, former British Prime Minister Tony Blair picked Yale
as one location ¨C the others are Britain's Durham University and Universiti
Teknologi Mara ¨C for the Tony Blair Faith Foundation's United States Faith and
Globalization Initiative.51 As of 2009, former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo
is the director of the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization and teaches an
undergraduate seminar, "Debating Globalization".52 As of 2009, former
presidential candidate and DNC chair Howard Dean teaches a residential college
seminar, "Understanding Politics and Politicians."53 Also in 2009, an alliance
was formed among Yale, University College London, and both schools¡¯ affiliated
hospital complexes to conduct research focused on the direct improvement of
patient care¡ªa growing field known as translational medicine. President Richard
Levin noted that Yale has hundreds of other partnerships across the world, but
"no existing collaboration matches the scale of the new partnership with UCL".
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